tornado文件上传服务 1. tornado 文件上传服务器示例 代码例子, 参考: Python tornado上传文件. import tornado.ioloop import tornado.web import os import json import tempfile class FileUploadHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler): """ ref: https://blog.csdn.net/dutsoft/article/details/53942983 author: dutsoft """ def get(self): self.write(''' <html> <head><title>Upload File</title></head> <body> <form action='file' enctype="multipart/form-data" method='post'> <input type='file' name='file'/><br/> <input type='submit' value='submit'/> </form> </body> </html> ''') def post(self): result = {'result': 'OK'} file_metas = self.request.files.get('file', None) if not file_metas: result['result'] = 'Invalid Args' return result # prepare upload path upload_path = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), 'files') if not os.path.exists(upload_path): os.mkdir(upload_path) # save upload file in local disk for meta in file_metas: filename = meta['filename'] file_path = os.path.join(upload_path, filename) print("file_path is {}, file_name is {}".format(file_path, filename)) with open(file_path, 'wb') as up: up.write(meta['body']) self.write(json.dumps(result)) app = tornado.web.Application([ (r'/file', FileUploadHandler), ]) if __name__ == '__main__': app.listen(8080) tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start() 2. requests 调用接口上传文件 import requests # upload file upload_file = "upload.pdf" with open(upload_file, "rb") as f: content = f.read() # request resp = requests.post( url="http://127.0.0.1:8080/file", files={"file": (os.path.basename(upload_file), content)}, )
mongo学习笔记 1. mongo document学习笔记 1.1 BSON 类型 ObjectId: 快速, 有序, 时间相关 String Timestamps Date 1.2 Document类型 字段(field)有长度限制: 如field name不超过128, 等 Dot Notation: <array>.<index>, <embedded document>.<field> 单文档有大小限制:16MB 1.3 聚合 MongoDB provides three ways to perform aggregation: the aggregation pipeline, the map-reduce function, and single purpose aggregation methods. 聚合字段: $match: 匹配, { $match: { name: "Joe Schmoe" } } unwind: 打散,针对array, { $unwind: "$resultingArray"} $project: 投射, {"$project":{"author":1,"_id":0} #只提前author $redact: 校验, { $redact: { $cond: { if: { $eq: [ "$level", 5 ] }, then: "$$PRUNE", else: "$$DESCEND" } } } $skip: 跳过, { $skip: 5 } $lookup: 跨表检索, { $lookup: { from: "otherCollection", as: "resultingArray", localField: "x", foreignField: "y" } } Note: 各字段配合的优化, 参考文档 聚合限制: Result Size Restrictions: 单doc <= 16MB Memory Restrictions: Pipeline stages have a limit of 100 megabytes of RAM; The $graphLookup stage must stay within the 100 megabyte memory limit. todo: 聚合操作zip code data set(经纬度) Aggregation with User Preference Data, 利用用户信息表举例: 获取所有员工名称 根据加入时间返回员工名称 获取每个月新加入的人数 获取前五个最受欢迎的爱好 1.4 检索 条件检索 $or: cursor = db.inventory.find({"$or": [{"status": "A"}, {"qty": {"$lt": 30}}]}) $and 检索列表: Match an Array: db.inventory.find({"tags": ["red", "blank"]}) # tags == ["red", "blank"]; db.inventory.find({"tags": {"$all": ["red", "blank"]}}) # tags 同时存在"red","blank"两个元素 Query an Array with Compound Filter Conditions on the Array Elements: db.inventory.find({"dim_cm": {"$gt": 15, "$lt": 20}}) # 15<x<20; x>15, y<20 Query for an Array Element that Meets Multiple Criteria: db.inventory.find({"dim_cm": {"$elemMatch": {"$gt": 22, "$lt": 30}}}) # 其中有一个元素22<x<30 Query for an Element by the Array Index Position: db.inventory.find({"dim_cm.1": {"$gt": 25}}) Query an Array by Array Length: db.inventory.find({"tags": {"$size": 3}}) Project： db.inventory.find({"status": "A"}, {"item": 1, "status": 1}) means SELECT _id, item, status from inventory WHERE status = "A" db.inventory.find({"status": "A"}, {"item": 1, "status": 1, "_id": 0}) means SELECT item, status from inventory WHERE status = "A" db.inventory.find({"status": "A"}, {"status": 0, "instock": 0}) means return All except for status and instock 其他 db.inventory.find({"item": None}): None 或 不存在 db.inventory.find({"item": {"$type": 10}}): 类型检查, 查询值为None的记录 db.inventory.find({"item": {"$exists": False}}): 不存在 1.5 固定集合(Capped Collection) 判断当前集合是否是固定集合: db.collection.isCapped() 转化为固定集合(原数据可能会丢失): db.runCommand({"convertToCapped":"my_coll",size:2000000000, max:500000}). max 为文档数量, size 为内容大小 2.聚合操作 2.1 获取列表元素集合 keywords: group, unwind, aggregate 举例,有如下数据: {"_id": "1", "tags": ["a", "b"]} {"_id": "2", "tags": ["a", "b", "c"]} {"_id": "3", "tags": []} {"_id": "4", "tags": ["c", "d"]} 求tags元素集合? 方法: db.test.aggregate([ {"$unwind": "$tags"}, {"$group": {"_id": "$tags"}}, ]) 2.2 获取某个字段的所有取值 db.getCollection('<collection>').aggregate( [ { "$group" : { _id : null, "city": { "$addToSet": "$city" } } } ] ) 3.update操作 3.1 修改列表元素的值 keywords: update_many 举例,有如下数据: {"_id": "1", "tags": ["a", "b"]} {"_id": "2", "tags": ["a", "b", "c"]} {"_id": "3", "tags": []} {"_id": "4", "tags": ["c", "d"]} 将tags中”a”修改为”A”? 方法: self.db["test"].update_many( filter={"tags": "a"}, update={"$set": {'tags.$': "A"}}, upsert=False, ) # 一次操作只能修改一个值 # 如果tags中存在多个"a", 需要多次执行以上代码 3.2 删除列表元素的值 keywords: update_many 举例,有如下数据: {"_id": "1", "tags": ["a", "b"]} {"_id": "2", "tags": ["a", "b", "c"]} {"_id": "3", "tags": []} {"_id": "4", "tags": ["c", "d"]} {"_id": "5", "tags": ["c", "d", "a", "a"]} 将tags中所有”a”删除? 方法: tag_list = ["a"] self.db["test"].update_many( filter={"tags": {"$in": tag_list}}, update={"$pull": {'tags': {"$in": tag_list}}}, upsert=False, ) # 执行后, _id = "5"的记录, tags中两个"a"均被删除 3.3 列表修改高级版 假设有数据如下 collection.insert_many([ {"name": "a1", "tags": [{"weight": 10}, {"weight": 20}]}, {"name": "a2", "tags": [{"weight": 11}, {"weight": 21}]}, {"name": "a3", "tags": [{"weight": 10}, {"weight": 25}]}, ]) 3.3.1 将weight=10的标签的权重更改为20 # 执行一次，只会更新该条记录中满足条件的第一个元素 collection.update_many( {"tags.weight": 10}, {"$set": {"tags.$.weight": 20}}, upsert=False, ) 修改所有匹配值的方法: while True: result = collection.update_many( {"tags.weight": 10}, {"$set": {"tags.$.weight": 20}}, upsert=False,) if result.matched_count == 0: break 3.3.2 将weight!=10的标签的权重更改为10 # 执行一次，只会更新该条记录中满足条件的第一个元素 collection.update_many( {"tags": {"$elemMatch": {"weight": {"$ne": 10}}}, {"$set": {"tags.$.weight": 20}}, upsert=False, ) 3.3.3 将weight!=10 or weight!=20的标签的权重更改为10 # 执行一次，只会更新该条记录中满足条件的第一个元素 collection.update_many( {"tags": {"$elemMatch": {"$or": [{"weight": {"$ne": 10}, {"weight": {"$ne": 20}]}}}, {"$set": {"tags.$.weight": 20}}, upsert=False, ) 3.4 set only not exists mongo 提供 $setOnInsert 操作符， 来实现当文档不存在才设置的功能。 db.collection.update( <query>, { $setOnInsert: { <field1>: <value1>, ... } }, { upsert: true } ) 4. 工具 4.1 导出 collection mongoexport --uri "mongodb://<username>:<password>@<host1>:<port1>,<host2>:<port2>/<database>?replicaSet=mgset-123456&authSource=admin" --collection <collection> --fields <field1>,<field2> --out <outfile> 要点: uri后加引号, admin放到authSource 或者: mongoexport -h <host> -d <databse> --collection <collection> --fields <field1>,<field2> --out <outfile> 4.2 导入 collection mongoimport --uri "mongodb://<username>:<password>@<host1>:<port1>,<host2>:<port2>/<database>?replicaSet=mgset-123456&authSource=admin" --collection <collection> --fields <field1>,<field2> <datafile> 或者 mongoimport -h <host> -d <databse> --collection <collection> --fields <field1>,<field2> <datafile> 4.3 索引操作 新建索引: db.getCollection('<collection>').createIndex( { "age": 1}, {background: true, name:"_age_"} ) 4.4 mongo 版本不兼容 mongo 升级到 4.0 版本后，其工具如mongodump, mongoimport, mongoexport也需要升级到 4.0版本。 为避免安装这些工具导致主机软件环境混乱，可以使用 docker 执行所需的工具。 # download images docker pull mongo:4.0 # mkdir working dir mkdir -p dodo && chmod 777 dodo/ -R && cd dodo/ # run mongo tools docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/workdir/ -w /workdir/ mongo:4.0 mongoimport --uri "mongodb://<username>:<password>@<host1>:<port1>,<host2>:<port2>/<database>?replicaSet=mgset-123456&authSource=admin" --collection <collection> --fields <field1>,<field2> <datafile> 5. pymongo 5.1 正则写法 robo 3T 中执行 _id 正则匹配: db.getCollection('col').find({_id: /version1/}) 需要使用 pymongo 执行上述搜索. 上述的搜索, 可在 robo 3T 中使用$regex等效实现: db.getCollection('col').find({"_id": {"$regex": "/version1/", "$options": 'm'}}) 所以, pymongo 对应写法为: collection.find({"_id": {"$regex": "/version1/", "$options": 'm'}}) 5.2 pymongo 实现 mongoexport 和 mongoimport import logging # noqa import os # noqa import typing # noqa import pymongo from bson import json_util from pymongo import MongoClient def mongo_export(client_or_uri: typing.Union[str, MongoClient], db: str, collection: str, out_file: str, query: dict = None, logger: logging.Logger = None): if isinstance(client_or_uri, str): mongo_client = pymongo.MongoClient(client_or_uri) else: mongo_client = client_or_uri mongo_collection = mongo_client[db][collection] if query: qs = mongo_collection.find(query) else: qs = mongo_collection.find({}) date_options = json_util.JSONOptions( datetime_representation=json_util.DatetimeRepresentation.ISO8601) _success_count = 0 with open(out_file, "w") as f: for item in qs: f.write(json_util.dumps(item, sort_keys=True, ensure_ascii=False, json_options=date_options) + "\n") _success_count += 1 msg = "{} records write in file: {}!".format(_success_count, out_file) if logger: logger.info(msg) else: print(msg) def mongo_import(client_or_uri: typing.Union[str, MongoClient], db: str, collection: str, backup_file: str, logger: logging.Logger = None, drop: bool = False): if isinstance(client_or_uri, str): mongo_client = pymongo.MongoClient(client_or_uri) else: mongo_client = client_or_uri mongo_collection = mongo_client[db][collection] date_options = json_util.JSONOptions( datetime_representation=json_util.DatetimeRepresentation.ISO8601) item_list = [] with open(backup_file, "r") as f: for line in f: line = line.strip() if not line: continue try: item = json_util.loads(line, json_options=date_options) item_list.append(item) except Exception as e: if logger: logger.error("error is {}\nline:\n{}".format(e, line), exc_info=True) if item_list and drop: mongo_collection.delete_many(filter={}) if item_list: mongo_collection.insert_many(documents=item_list) msg = "{} records from file {} import to collection: {}!".format(len(item_list), backup_file, collection) if logger: logger.info(msg) else: print(msg)
python异步服务器测试 1. 安装AB进行压力测试 1.1 准备环境 mac 安装AB, 参考: curl -OL http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/libtool/libtool-2.4.2.tar.gz tar -xzf libtool-2.4.2.tar.gz cd libtool-2.4.2 ./configure && make && sudo make install # brew install 'https://raw.github.com/simonair/homebrew-dupes/e5177ef4fc82ae5246842e5a544124722c9e975b/ab.rb' # brew test ab curl -O https://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd/httpd-2.4.2.tar.bz2 tar zxvf httpd-2.4.2.tar.bz2 cd httpd-2.4.2.tar.bz2 ./configure && make && make install 1.2 客户端测试代码 ab -n 10 -c 1 http://localhost:8000/ ab -n 10 -c 2 http://localhost:8000/ ab -n 10 -c 5 http://localhost:8000/ ab -n 10 -c 10 http://localhost:8000/ ab -n 100 -c 10 http://localhost:8000/ ab -n 100 -c 20 http://localhost:8000/ ab -n 100 -c 50 http://localhost:8000/ ab -n 100 -c 100 http://localhost:8000/ 2. tornado测试 2.1 tornado服务端代码 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor import tornado from tornado.concurrent import run_on_executor from tornado.web import RequestHandler import time class SimpleAsyncServer(RequestHandler): def __init__(self, application, request, **kwargs): super(SimpleAsyncServer, self).__init__(application, request, **kwargs) self.executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(10) @tornado.gen.coroutine def get(self, ): print("on get...") result = yield self._do_something() self.write(result) @run_on_executor def _do_something(self, ): """ 模拟耗时操作 :return: """ time.sleep(5) return {"msg": "OK"} def make_app(): return tornado.web.Application([ (r"/", SimpleAsyncServer), ]) if __name__ == "__main__": app = make_app() app.listen(8000) tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start() 2.2 测试结果 请求总数 并发数 ab总耗时(s) 10 1 50.0 10 2 30.0 10 5 15.0 10 10 10.0 100 10 55.1 100 20 30.0 100 50 15.1 100 100 10.1
No module named ‘Crypto’ on Mac 问题 在mac中，为新项目配置python环境，运行时报错: ... from Crypto.Cipher import AES ImportError: No module named Crypto.Cipher 原因及解决方法 原来，mac中提供Crypto模块的包，有Crypto，pycrypto,pycryptodome等。这些包同时安装，会产生冲突。解决方法是只保留一个包，这里建议保留pycryptodome。 列出所有crypto包，确认原因: python -m pip list | grep rypto 只保留一个包: python -m pip uninstall crypto python -m pip uninstall pycrypto python -m pip uninstall pycryptodome python -m pip install pycryptodome
mac中安装python3.5 mac 10.13.6 中需要安装python3.5的环境，而mac自带python2.7的环境。 尝试使用brew命令安装python3.5,失败。 最终解决方案: 在https://www.python.org/downloads/mac-osx/页面中，选择有预编译的python3.5版本，直接安装即可。
py3.6环境下numpy C扩展出错
mtcnn读书笔记
shell学习笔记 1. 一个命令的结果填充到另一个命令中 ssh例子: # 获取远程服务器的 ip, 并 ssh连接到该服务器上 ssh foo@$(cat /data/ip.result) docker例子: # 删除所有仓库名为 redis 的镜像： docker image rm $(docker image ls -q redis) 需要注意的是, 单引号与双引号的效果不一样, 需要使用双引号 举例说明如下, py_cmd.py模拟一个简单的 echo 命令: import argparse def echo_name(argv=None): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='demo') # name parser.add_argument('--name', type=str, help='name') args = parser.parse_args(args=argv) print("name_{}".format(args.name)) if __name__ == '__main__': echo_name() 示例命令: name="M 1 M" c1=$(python py_cmd.py --name='${name}' ) echo "case1 ${c1}" # 输出: case1 name_${name} c2=$(python py_cmd.py --name="${name}" ) echo "case2 ${c2}" # 输出: case2 name_M 1 M 2. sudo执行echo命令 sudo sh -c "echo '{ \"registry-mirrors\": [\"https://registry.docker-cn.com\"] }' >> /etc/docker/daemon.json" 3. 清空文件 echo -n > ~/xx.conf 4. 常用命令 # 查看磁盘使用 df -lh # 查看当前目录所占空间 du -sh ./ 5. ssh命令 # 上传文件 scp ./local.file ubuntu@host:/remote/remote.file # 下载文件 scp ubuntu@host:/remote/remote.file ./local.file 6. 获取本机ip 获取本机ip: ifconfig|sed -n '/inet addr/s/^[^:]*:\([0-9.]\{7,15\}\) .*/\1/p' 获取当前虚拟机ip: ifconfig|sed -n '/inet addr/s/^[^:]*:\([0-9.]\{7,15\}\) .*/\1/p' | grep 192.168 7. 设置屏幕亮度为0 [[ "$(cat /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness)" -ne "0" ]] && (echo 0 | sudo tee /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness) 8. 复杂命令示例 来源docker配置 ARG CHROME_VERSION="google-chrome-stable" ARG CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION RUN apt-get update -qqy \ # install chrome && wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add - \ && echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list \ && apt-get update -qqy \ && apt-get -qqy install ${CHROME_VERSION:-google-chrome-stable} \ && rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list \ # install chrome drive && if [ -z "$CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION" ]; \ then CHROME_MAJOR_VERSION=$(google-chrome --version | sed -E "s/.* ([0-9]+)(\.[0-9]+){3}.*/\1/") \ && CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION=$(wget --no-verbose -O - "https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/LATEST_RELEASE_${CHROME_MAJOR_VERSION}"); \ fi \ && echo "Using chromedriver version: "$CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION \ && wget --no-verbose -O /tmp/chromedriver_linux64.zip https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/$CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION/chromedriver_linux64.zip \ && rm -rf /opt/selenium/chromedriver \ && unzip /tmp/chromedriver_linux64.zip -d /opt/selenium \ && rm /tmp/chromedriver_linux64.zip \ && mv /opt/selenium/chromedriver /opt/selenium/chromedriver-$CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION \ && chmod 755 /opt/selenium/chromedriver-$CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION \ && ln -fs /opt/selenium/chromedriver-$CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION /usr/bin/chromedriver \ # install fonts && apt-get -qqy install ttf-wqy-zenhei ttf-wqy-microhei fonts-droid-fallback fonts-arphic-ukai fonts-arphic-uming \ # install selenium && pip install --upgrade selenium \ && rm -rf /root/.cache/pip/* \ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /var/cache/apt/* 9. 环境变量动态设置 示例 LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib https_proxy="" http_proxy="" pip install mysqlclient 10. 安装 BBR wget --no-check-certificate https://github.com/teddysun/across/raw/master/bbr.sh && sudo chmod +x bbr.sh && sudo ./bbr.sh 11. tar 分卷压缩及解压 dd if=/dev/zero of=test.log bs=1M count=1000 # 压缩 tar zcf - test.log |split -b 100m - test.tar.gz. # 解压 mkdir -p test_tmp mv test.tar.gz.* test_tmp/ cd test_tmp/ cat logs.test.tar.gz.* | tar zx 12. debian系 系统安装 tzdata 免输入时区 DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y tzdata 13. 复杂条件的文件复制操作 mkdir -p /opt/python_libs # copy folder cp -r ~/code/my_libs /opt/python_libs/ # copy folder if exists [ -d "/opt/code/new_libs" ] && cp -r /opt/code/new_libs /opt/python_libs/ 14. 文件下载 # curl curl -o out.file -sfL http:xxx.com # wget wget -qO out.file http:xxx.com 15. 关闭进程 for pid in `ps -ef | grep python3 | grep "server.py" | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2;}'` do kill -9 $pid done 16. grep + awk + xargs 在实践中， 需要批量处理数据文件。 处理完成后， 将结果写入命名方式为 原文件名 + .upload 的结果文件中。 操作日志记录在 simple.log 中， 其日志内容格式如下： 2020-03-21 10:00:00 output to file: /tmp/abc_1.log.upload 2020-03-21 10:00:00 xxxx 2020-03-21 10:10:00 output to file: /tmp/abc_2.log.upload 2020-03-21 10:10:00 xxx1xxx 2020-03-21 10:20:00 output to file: /tmp/abc_4.log.upload 2020-03-21 10:20:00 .... 现在需要删除已经处理的原文件。 可以使用 grep + awk + xargs 实现： for filename in $(cat simple.log | grep "output to file" | awk '{print $NF}' | awk -F "/" '{print $NF}' ); do tmp_file="/tmp/${filename%%.upload}" if [ -f "$tmp_file" ]; then echo "$tmp_file can remove" rm "$tmp_file" fi done 17. 删除修改日期为一天以前的日志文件 #!/bin/bash while IFS= read -r -d '' file do if [[ $file =~ "tmp_" ]]; then let count++ echo "rm file $file" rm "$file" fi done < <(find /tmp/ -maxdepth 1 -mtime +1 -print0) echo "remove $count files from /tmp/ " 18. 删除以日期命名的文件目录 临时日志目录， 存在以下子目录： /var/log/result_20200102 /var/log/result_20200103 /var/log/result_20200104 .... /var/log/result_20200324 现在需要删除昨天以前的子目录， 具体实现如下 #!/bin/bash # 删除临时文件 today_str=$(date +%Y%m%d) yesterday_str=$(date -d -1day +%Y%m%d) for filename in /var/log/result_2020*; do if [[ $filename =~ $today_str ]]; then echo "$filename today" else if [[ $filename =~ $yesterday_str ]]; then echo "$filename yesterday" else echo "$filename remove" rm -r "$filename" fi fi done 19. 文本替换 linux 版本: # 找到所有 py 文件, 将 # print("data is {}".format(data)) # 替换为 # print("数据 是 {}".format(data)) find . -name "*.py" -exec sed -i s/print\(\"data\ is\ \{/print\(\"数据\ 是\ \{/g {} + mac 略有不同: # 找到所有 py 文件, 将 # print("data is {}".format(data)) # 替换为 # print("数据 是 {}".format(data)) find . -name "*.py" -exec sed -i '' s/print\(\"data\ is\ \{/print\(\"数据\ 是\ \{/g {} + 20. pushd 和 popd cd ~ # cd /tmp and do something pushd /tmp/ echo "abc" > abc.txt tar -czvf abc.txt.tar.gz abc.txt popd # backup to ~ ls ./ 21. 获取文件 basename FILE="/home/vivek/lighttpd.tar.gz" basename "$FILE" # 输出: lighttpd.tar.gz f="$(basename -- $FILE)" echo "$f" # 输出: lighttpd.tar.gz 22. 多行文本 config_file="config" # 代码行 cat > ${config_file} <<EOF a=b b=c x=y EOF 23. linux挂载swap文件 # 挂载 swap sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=8192 && \ sudo mkswap /swapfile && \ sudo chmod 600 /swapfile && \ sudo swapon /swapfile && \ sudo sh -c "echo '/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab " && \ sudo sh -c "echo 10 >/proc/sys/vm/swappiness" # 停用 swap sudo swapoff /swapfile && \ sudo rm /swapfile 24. grep执行二进制文件过滤 日志文件 file_with_bin.log 包含二进制数据. 直接执行 grep 过滤 cat file_with_bin.log | grep "2020-07-18 01" 时, 报错 Binary file (standard input) matches. 解决方法是, 使用 -a 参数: cat file_with_bin.log | grep -a -20 "2020-07-18 01" 25. crontab/ssh 启动带gui 程序 参考: 使用crontab执行GUI程序. 例如, 脚本 ‘/start_selenium.sh’ 会以 headless=False 的方式, 启动 selenium, 在 ubuntu 桌面上启动 chrome 浏览器执行任务. 在自己主机中, 使用 ssh 远程到上述脚本所在的 ubuntu 主机, 可以使用命令启动脚本: ` export DISPLAY=:0 && ./start_selenium.sh ` 26. 默认输入 yes wget http://gosspublic.alicdn.com/ossfs/ossfs_1.80.6_ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb && (yes | sudo gdebi ossfs_1.80.6_ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ) 27. crontab 查看错误日志 正常条件下, crontab 执行的脚本如果出错, 在 /var/log/syslog 中 看不到有用的信息. 这时, 需要借助 postfix 接收crontab 的执行日志. 具体原理, 可参考迷之 crontab 异常：不运行、不报错、无日志. 简要流程: # step 1 安装 postfix, 并选择 local only sudo apt install -y postfix # step 2 启动 postfix sudo service postfix start # step 3 读取 crontab 的执行日志: tail -f /usr/mail/root 28. 获取主机所有 ip ```shell script all_ips=( “localhost” “127.0.0.1” “::1” “0.0.0.0” ) echo ${all_ips[@]} for ip in $(ifconfig | grep inet | awk ‘{print $2}’ | grep -oE “\b([0-9]{1,3}.){3}[0-9]{1,3}\b”) do echo ${ip} all_ips+=(${ip}) done echo ${all_ips} sorted_unique_ips=($(echo “${all_ips[@]}” | tr ‘ ‘ ‘\n’ | sort -u | tr ‘\n’ ‘ ‘)) echo ${sorted_unique_ips[@]} ```
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